Under what conditions should a lifeguard call for medical assistance?

A lifeguard should call for medical assistance in any situation involving severe injury, unconsciousness, or unresponsiveness because these conditions indicate a serious medical emergency requiring professional intervention. Severe injuries such as fractures, severe bleeding, or signs of head or spinal injuries can lead to life-threatening complications if not addressed promptly. Unconsciousness and unresponsiveness are critical signs that a person may not be able to maintain their airway or that their body is not functioning as it should, further necessitating immediate medical help. The priority in these serious situations is to ensure that the victim receives the appropriate care as quickly as possible to minimize the risk of further complications or death.

In contrast, minor injuries may not necessitate calling for medical assistance, as they can often be managed with basic first aid. Situations involving a panicking swimmer or rough water are serious in their own right, but they do not automatically require calling medical professionals unless they lead to an injury or a concerning level of distress for the swimmer. The determination to call for medical assistance is based on the severity and nature of the condition of the person in distress.