What should a lifeguard do if they see a swimmer exhibiting signs of a spinal injury?

When a lifeguard observes a swimmer showing signs of a spinal injury, the most appropriate response is to stabilize the swimmer's head and neck and call for assistance. This action is critical as it helps to prevent further injury to the spine, which could result in permanent damage or paralysis. By stabilizing the head and neck, the lifeguard ensures that any movement of the swimmer does not exacerbate the injury.

Calling for assistance is also essential in this scenario. Spinal injuries can be complex and may require specialized care and equipment for safe removal from the water. By alerting other lifeguards or emergency medical personnel, the swimmer will receive the necessary help quickly and effectively.

Other options do not prioritize the safety of the swimmer. Removing the swimmer from the water immediately could lead to further injury if not done correctly, while performing a rescue without caution disregards the potential seriousness of the spinal injury. Encouraging the swimmer to swim to safety could pose additional risks, as the swimmer may not be able to move safely due to their injury. Therefore, stabilizing the head and neck while seeking assistance is the most effective and safest response in this situation.